debian 升级内核 以及 修改 kernel 的 开机启动 顺序
debian 升级内核 以及 修改 kernel 的 开机启动 顺序
目录
debian 升级内核 以及 修改 kernel 的 开机启动 顺序
- debian 升级内核
- 修改 debian kernel 开机启动 顺序
2.1 查看当前开机可用的内核
2.2 修改/etc/default/grub文件
2.3 GRUB_DEFAULT=的内容，注意格式，
2.4 更新修改后的grub
2.5 reboot - debian 升级内核
使用apt-cache search命令搜索可以用的内核镜像
apt-cache search linux-image
使用apt install命令安装内核镜像
apt install linux-image-5.10.0-13-amd64
参考图片
- 修改 debian kernel 开机启动 顺序
2.1 查看当前开机可用的内核
cat /boot/grub/grub.cfg |grep menuentry
2.2 修改/etc/default/grub文件
假设想要使用menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 5.10.0-14-amd64'内核启动,
需要修改文件/etc/default/grub
$ sudo vim /etc/default/grub
GRUB_DEFAULT=0 #被修改
修改为如下，会有很多疑惑，请看下方截图的答疑
GRUB_DEFAULT="Advanced options for Debian GNU/Linux>Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 5.10.0-14-amd64"
2.3 GRUB_DEFAULT=的内容，注意格式，
不可以简单复制为Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 5.10.0-14-amd64,如此复制后运行update-grub命令后会有错误提示
2.4 更新修改后的grub
update-grub
2.5 reboot
reboot
https://github.com/hwdsl2/docker-ipsec-vpn-server 部署ipsec vpn时候，一直异常是因为
aws上部署Debian系统内核是带cloud的，需要使用不带cloud的
文章出处：https://www.cnblogs.com/faberbeta/p/16339288.html
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Proxmox VE web 界面添加硬件温度显示
安装温度检测工具
CPU 及主板温度检测：lm-sensors
user@pve:~$ sudo apt install lm-sensors安装完成后执行 sensors-detect 进行传感器探测，通常情况下全部按默认选择 yes 即可
探测完成后执行 sensors -j 测试传感器（参数 -j 使其以 JSON 格式输出）
user@pve:~$ sensors -j
{
"coretemp-isa-0000":{
"Adapter": "ISA adapter",
"Package id 0":{
"temp1_input": 69.000,
"temp1_max": 84.000,
"temp1_crit": 100.000,
"temp1_crit_alarm": 0.000
},
"Core 0":{
"temp2_input": 69.000,
"temp2_max": 84.000,
"temp2_crit": 100.000,
"temp2_crit_alarm": 0.000
},
// ...[OMITTED]...
},
"acpitz-acpi-0":{
"Adapter": "ACPI interface",
"temp1":{
"temp1_input": 68.000,
"temp1_crit": 120.000
}
}
}在如上输出中，['acpitz-acpi-0']['temp1']['temp1_input'] 是主板温度，['coretemp-isa-0000']['Package id 0']['temp1_input'] 是 CPU 温度
硬盘温度检测：hddtemp
user@pve:~$ sudo apt install hddtemp安装完成后执行 hddtemp /dev/sd? 测试传感器
user@pve:~$ sudo hddtemp /dev/sd?
/dev/sda: WDC WD40EZRZ-00WN9B0: 29°C
/dev/sdb: ADATA SP600: 26°C
/dev/sdc: WD2500: 29°C
/dev/sdd: ADATA SP900: 38°C由于 PVE 的 web 服务以用户 www-data 身份运行，需要修改 hddtemp 的权限
user@pve:~$ sudo chmod +s /usr/sbin/hddtemp编辑 PVE web 服务文件
Nodes.pm
编辑文件 /usr/share/perl5/PVE/API2/Nodes.pm，跳转到 my $dinfo = df('/', 1); 位置，编辑成如下所示
# ...[OMITTED]...
$res->{pveversion} = PVE::pvecfg::package() . "/" .
PVE::pvecfg::version_text();
$res->{thermal} = `sensors -j`; # 添加此行以获取 CPU 与主板等温度
$res->{thermal_hdd} = `hddtemp /dev/sd?`; # 添加此行以获取硬盘温度
my $dinfo = df('/', 1); # output is bytes
# ...[OMITTED]...pvemanagerlib.js
修改页面样式以完整显示数据
编辑文件 /usr/share/pve-manager/js/pvemanagerlib.js，跳转到 gettext('Status') + ': ' + zpool, 位置，编辑成如下所示
// ...[OMITTED]...
var win = Ext.create('Ext.window.Window', {
modal: true,
width: 800,
height: 500, // 原始值为 400
resizable: true,
layout: 'fit',
title: gettext('Status') + ': ' + zpool,
items:[{
// ...[OMITTED]...跳转到 widget.pveNodeStatus 位置，编辑成如下所示
// ...[OMITTED]...
Ext.define('PVE.node.StatusView', {
extend: 'PVE.panel.StatusView',
alias: 'widget.pveNodeStatus',
height: 400, // 原始值为 300
bodyPadding: '20 15 20 15',
layout: {
// ...[OMITTED]...两处 height 的值需按情况修改，每多一行数据增加 20
例如有 1 行 CPU 与主板温度数据、3 行硬盘温度数据（3 块硬盘），即为 480 与 380
添加显示内容
跳转到 PVE Manager Version 位置，编辑成如下所示
// ...[OMITTED]...
{
itemId: 'version',
colspan: 2,
printBar: false,
title: gettext('PVE Manager Version'),
textField: 'pveversion',
value: ''
}, // 注意添加逗号
{
itemId: 'thermal',
colspan: 2,
printBar: false,
title: gettext('Thermal Status'),
textField: 'thermal',
renderer: function(value) {
value = JSON.parse(value.replaceAll('Â', ''));
const cpu0 = value['coretemp-isa-0000']['Package id 0']['temp1_input'].toFixed(1);
const board = value['acpitz-acpi-0']['temp1']['temp1_input'].toFixed(1);
// ...获取其他传感器数据
return `CPU: ${cpu0}°C | Board: ${board}°C`; // 自行修改输出格式
}
},
{
itemId: 'thermal-hdd',
colspan: 2,
printBar: false,
title: gettext('HDD Thermal Status'),
textField: 'thermal_hdd',
renderer: function(value) {
value = value.replaceAll('Â', '');
return value.replaceAll('\n', '<br>');
}
}
],
// ...[OMITTED]...其中获取 JSON 数值的表达式（value['...']...['...'].toFixed(1)）与最后输出字符串（result）的格式需按实际情况和需求进行修改
完成
执行 systemctl restart pveproxy 重启 PVE web 服务
在浏览器中清除 PVE 控制台的缓存，重新加载即可在节点概要显示温度信息
debian10网络设置和添加软件源
Debian10有个很不好的地方，就是命令行安装的时候，如果直接设置的是公网ip，子网为32的时候，是ping通网关的，智能跳过网络设置安装完系统。这样就造成一个问题，安装好的debian10，软件源是不完整的，这时需要我们进行网络设置并手工添加官方软件源。
网络设置
1、查看网卡信息
root@localhost:~# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens18: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 92:5d:68:2d:24:b5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet xx.xx.xx.xx/32 brd xx.xx.xx.xx scope global ens18
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::905d:68ff:fe2d:24b5/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: ens19: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 22:94:4f:27:91:a8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.0.200/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global ens19
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::2094:4fff:fe27:91a8/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@localhost:~#我这是已经配置好的，没有配置应该只显示ens18，ens19接口名字，是没有IP地址的，记下网路接口名称。
2、设置网络
root@localhost:~# nano /etc/network/interfaces打开文件后加入设置
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto ens18
iface ens18 inet static
address xx.xx.xx.xx
netmask 255.255.255.255
gateway 100.64.xx.xx
auto ens19
iface ens19 inet dhcp以上设置根据需求，ens18为静态地址，ens19为dhcp自动获取
添加软件园
nano /etc/apt/sources.list打开文件后加入以下内容
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb http://security.debian.org/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://security.debian.org/ buster/updates main contrib non-free如果时国内的主机，也可以找国内的源替换
常用安装源站点列表
163镜像站
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ buster/updates main non-free contrib deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ buster/updates main non-free contrib
华为云镜像站
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
腾讯云镜像站
deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian-security buster/updates main deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian-security buster/updates main deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib
中科大镜像站
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
阿里云镜像站
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security buster/updates main deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security buster/updates main deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib
清华大学镜像站
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
兰州大学镜像站
deb http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian stable main contrib non-free deb http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free deb http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free deb http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian stable main contrib non-free deb-src http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free deb-src http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
上海交大镜像站
deb https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free deb https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free deb https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free deb https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free